Peanut Allergy Reaction

peanut sprout

When someone with a peanut allergy eats peanuts, his or her T-cells stimulate excessive production of immunoglobulin.

Immunoglobulin, in turn, stimulates the production of symptom-causing chemicals, primarily histamines which cause swelling. An allergic reaction ensues.

The reaction has a wide variance in severity, but peanut allergy reactions tend toward the severe.

Peanut Allergy Symptoms from a Peanut Allergy Reaction

A peanut allergy reaction causes various degrees of inflammation, itching and indigestion. Inflammation, or swelling, is the greatest concern as it can lead to blockage of the air passages and circulatory collapse, i.e. anaphylaxis. A peanut allergy reaction can be immediate (within seconds) or delayed for several hours. Susceptible individuals can be affected by only a few milligrams of peanut protein. Approximately 75% of peanut-allergic children will experience a reaction the first time that they eat peanuts.

Signs and symptoms of a peanut allergy reaction may include:

Skin reactions such as urticaria (hives), redness or edema (swelling)
Itching or tingling in or around the mouth and throat
Digestive problems such as diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea or vomiting
Tightening of the chest
Shortness of breath or wheezing
Runny or stuffy nose
Anaphylaxis, a whole-body allergic reaction that can result in suffocation and a sudden drop in blood pressure

Anaphylaxis / Anaphylactic Shock

An anaphylactic reaction must be treated with epinephrine immediately; ongoing observation is required as the reaction may recur after initial therapy.